When we communicate, we are sharing information. This sharing can be local or remote. Between individuals, local communication usually occurs face to face, while remote communication takes place over distance. The term “tele-communication”, which includes telephony, telegraphy, and television, means communication at a distance. Data communications are exchange of data between two devices via some transmission medium such as a copper wire. A data communication system has five components:
- Message: The message is the information to be communicated. A popular form of information includes text, numbers, pictures, audio and video.
- Sender: The sender is the device that sends the data message. It can be a computer, workstation, telephone handset, video camera, and so on.
- Receiver: The receiver is the device that receives the message. It can be a computer, workstation, telephone handset, television, and so on.
- Transmission Medium: The transmission medium is the physical path by which a message travels from sender to receiver. Some examples of transmission media include twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, fibre-optic cable, and radio waves.
- Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules that governs data communications. It represents an agreement between the communication devices. Without a protocol, two devices may be connected but not communicating.
A computer network is a group of two or more computers connected to each electronically. This means that the computers can "talk" to each other and that every computer in the network can send information to the others.
The computers in a network are autonomous in nature, that means computers are independent or self governing. Usually, this means that the speed of the connection is fast - faster than a normal connection to the Internet. A computer network allows sharing of resources and information among interconnected devices.
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