The OSI Model presents a layered approach to networking. Each
layer of the OSI model handles different segment of the communication process
in a network. It simplified how network hardware and software work together. It
also eased method for troubleshooting by providing a specific method for how
components should function. The OSI model has 7 layers and I shall begin from
the 7th layer.
The OSI Models
7. Application Layer
Provides a set of interfaces for applications to use to
gain access to networked services such as file transfer, message handling, and
database query processing.
6. Presentation Layer
Converts data into a generic format for network transmission;
for incoming messages it converts data from this format into a format that the
receiving application can understand. It is also called the network's
translator. It is responsible for protocol conversation, data encryption and
decryption, and graphics commands.
5. Session Layer
Allows two networked resources to hold on going
communications, called a session, across a network. Such that applications on
each end of the session are able to exchange data for the duration of the
session. The layer manages session setup, information or message exchanges, and
tear-down when the session ends.
4. Transport Layer
Manages the transmission of data across a network. This
layer provides error checks to guarantee error-free delivery.
3. Network Layer:
Handles and addresses messages for delivery, as well as
translates logical network addresses and names into their physical
equivalent/counterparts. This layer also handles packets switching, data
routing, and network congestion control.
2. Data Link Layer
Handles special data frames between the Network Layer and
the Physical Layer.
1. Physical Layer
The physical layer converts bits into signals for outgoing
messages and converts signals into bits for incoming messages. It manages the
interface between a computer and the network medium. The physical layer is
responsible for putting data on and retrieving data from physical medium (Cable
or wireless).
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