A database is an organized way of collecting data, OR, A
database is an organized collection of data. A database is either is a
collection of schemas, tables, queries, reports, and other things or object
like views. You can think of a database as an electronic filling system.
Traditional database are organized by Fields, records, and
files:
- Field: a column within a table that contains only one type of information is called a field. In the database of School Information System – Roll No., Name, Address, DOB etc. are the field names.
- Records: A collection of fields makes one record. A record displays all the information about a single entry. In the given example, a student’s Roll No, Name Address, DOB etc.
- File: A file is a collection of related records.
DBMS (DataBase Management System)
DBMS is an Application software which is used to create and
manage the database. A DBMS receives instruction by the Database Administrator,
known as DBA, which instruct the application for necessary changes.
A general-purpose DBMS is designed to allow the definition,
creation, queries, update, and administration of database. DBMSs include MySQL,
PostgreSQL, MariaDB, MongoDB, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, Sybase, SAPHANA,
MemSQL and IBM DB2.
A database is not generally portable across different DBMSs,
but different DBMS can interoperate by using standards such as SQL and ODBC or
JDBC to allow a single application to work with more than one DBMS.
COMPONENTS OF DBMS
This can be divided into four components:
- DBMS: It is an application software which is used to create and manage Database.
- Users: It may be of various types such as DB Administrator (DBA), System Developer etc.
- Database Application: It may be Personal, Departmental, Enterprise and Internal.
- Database: Collection of logical data.
For more look at the diagram above.
DBMS LANGUAGE
Database languages are special-purpose languages, which do
one or more of the following:
- Data Definition Language – defines data type such as Creating, altering, or dropping.
- Data Manipulation Language – performs tasks such as inserting, updating etc.
- Query Language – allows searching for information and computing derived information.
- XQuery – standard XML query language implemented by XML database.
- SQL / XML – combines XQuery with SQL.
ADVANTAGES OF DATABASE
- Controlling Data Redundancy
- Data Consistency
- Data Sharing
- Data Integration
- Integrity Constraints
- Data Security
- Data Atomicity
- Database Access Language – like SQL
- Development of Application
- Creating Forms
- Control over Concurrency
- Backup and Recovery Procedures
- Data Independence
- Advanced Capabilties
DISADVANTAGES OF DBMS
- Complexity – Running the Database is very difficult. You need Database Designer or Database Administrator, known as DBA, to run and handle.
- Large in size and required large area
- Cost of Data Conversion – when a computer file-based system replaced with database system then the data stored into data files must be converted into database files which is very costly and time consuming. You also have to hire Database Designer, known as DBA. So lot of money has to be paid.
- Cost of Hardware and Software – A processor with high speed, memory with large size and also big Software is required to run the DBMS software.
- Technical Support – The trained persons such as Database Designer or Database Administrator, known as DBA, are required to run or handle DBMS.
- Database Failures – All data is stored in a single Database and if the database is corrupted due to power failure then our valuable data may be lost or whole database will be corrupted.
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